The Potential Relationship Between Personality And Job...

Throughout decades, individuals have been trying to understand the human behaviour. One of the core reasons fuelling this on-going search is to have a better knowledge on the way organisations work and the people affecting it. The way employees behave and factors that affect job performance or job commitment all come down to one single area of study, which is organisational behaviour. Due to the large spectrum of values and beliefs, human behaviour tends to be rather vast and unpredictable. However, it is possible for organisations to take advantage of this by effectively analysing the extent to which those different behaviours affect overall job performance. (Lombardo, n.d) This may potentially help to better understand the needs of the†¦show more content†¦The FFM consists of five main personality dimensions. Conscientiousness refers to having self control, strong-will, determination, organisational skills and being achievement striving. Agreeableness is defined by being a ltruistic, selfless, compassionate and eager to help. Anxiety, high levels of stress and personal insecurity defines neuroticism. Openness to experience reflects the ability to have an active imagination, being unconventional and experience new ethical or social ideas. Lastly, extraversion consists of being sociable, energetic and optimistic (Rothmann Coetzer, 2003). According to psychologists, there are two main ways through which an individual’s personality is formed. Firstly, the science of behavioural genetics, largely through twin studies has shown that â€Å"much of our identity is stamped on us from conception† (Wright, 1997, pp. 143-148). In addition, studies have also reveals that our personality is a product of our environment (Roach, n.d). The relative importance of both factors however can be argued and debated. Personality and Job performance Job performance is a multi dimensional construct which indicates how well employees perform their assigned duties and the way in which they undertake them (Boshoff Arnolds, 1995). The link between personality and job performance has been a large and ongoing research topic in industrial psychology over the past century. The first phase of research

Ethical Principles Of Ethics And Corporate Ethics

(b)Write out the one page (up to 500 words) definition of what is Ethics and what is Morality on the first page. You will need to include in your definition also Sacred Texts, Sacred People, the Ethic itself and Human Reasoning. (We will refer to this in class). Ethics Definition: Ethics are the set of moral principles that guide a person s behavior. These morals are shaped by social norms, cultural practices, and religious influences. Ethics reflect beliefs about what is right, what is wrong, what is just, what is unjust, what is good, and what is bad in terms of human behavior. They serve as a compass to direct how people should behave toward each other, understand and fulfill their obligations to society, and live their lives.†¦show more content†¦Morality Definition: To define morality, a person will use the rules or habits with regard to right and wrong that he or she follows. It is a complex system of general principles and particular judgments based on cultural, religious, and philosophical concepts and beliefs. Cultures and or groups regulate and generalize these concepts, thus regulating behavior. When someone conforms to the codification, you consider this person to be moral. And yet, the notion of how we ought to behave and the reality of how we do behave are varied and real morality behaves in accordance with one s perception of morality. Often, doctrines or moral duties that support the quality of an action which renders it good, is moral. Definitions: Sacred Texts: Religious texts, also known as scripture, scriptures, holy writ, or holy books, are the texts which various religious traditions consider to be sacred, or central to their religious tradition. Many religions and spiritual movements believe that their sacred texts are divinely or supernaturally revealed or inspire. Sacred People: People who are regarded with reverence The Ethic itself: Sexual ethics: Concern issues from all aspects of human sexuality, including human sexual behavior Human Reasoning: Generally refers to the human being s capacity to use logic and make judgments related to knowledge and ethics. (C) On

Management and Business Context Retail Company

Question: Describe about the Management and Business Context for Retail Company. Answer: Overview of Woolworths Woolworths operates as an effective supermarket retail company based in Australia that services the needs of customers related to grocery, fresh food and meat products and also non-food products. Macro Environmental Analysis of Woolworths The retail business of Woolworths is significantly affected by the government and regulatory policies concerning trading hours of the retail establishments, use of plastic and other recycled bags, pricing practices to be used and also the tax reforms generated in the region. Woolworths also generates potential income related to dividends and union dues to the different political parties (Leslie, 2009). The global deflation in food prices had contributed in generating price deflations by 2.9 percent during the periods ranging 2012-13. The sales of liquor and supermarket products by Woolworths had increased by around 4.9 percent during the periods ranging 2011-12. Further, Woolworths through the opening of a large number of petrol stations gained an increase of sales by 11.4 percent (Niininen, 2012). Woolworths focuses on conducting consumer oriented retailing through the generation of seasonal produces like fruits and vegetables. The seasonal food products are kept at controlled temperatures all along the year and also generated in an artificial manner for helping in meeting of consumer demands. Woolworths focuses on enhancing the effectiveness of its retail stores through the incorporation of Point-of-Sales (POS) systems and also the use of effective Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software, SAP. The use of SAP potentially contributes in tracking the movement of retail merchandises along the distribution and store outlets, the function of which is further enhanced based on integrating SAP with POS systems (Bryson, 2011). Woolworths is observed to have faced a penalty amount of $3 million owing to the sales of faulty and unsafe private brand products that in turn affected potential customers. The judgment that was passed required the retailer to sell safe food products and also to withdraw and recall the faulty food products from the market (Cameron Green, 2012). Woolworths focuses on the generation of carbon footprint that focuses on reducing the level of carbon emissions from its retail, distribution and logistics operations. The retail institution sets targets regarding reduction of emission levels of carbon and other greenhouses gases from its diverse units and functionaries (Collier, 2013). Micro Environmental Analysis of Woolworths Woolworths focuses on addressing the consumer power of its target customer groups through not only the generation of organic produces all along the year but also focusing on the development of the omnichannel platform for helping the consumers gain a seamless retailing experience. The retail company has teamed up with Genesys for developing an effective contact point with its retail consumer base (Garland, 2009). Woolworths counters its supplier power through the sustaining of effective relationships with potential suppliers for the gaining of fresh and quality oriented produces and fresh products. The retail institution has set up an effective benchmark that contributes in evaluating the quality sourced from the different suppliers. Woolworths based on the conducting of online trading focuses on generation of substitute products for the products demanded by the customers in cases where the ordered product is out-of-stock. The substitute products that are arranged by Woolworths are either of same or equal value (Gopalkrishnan, 2014). Woolworths faces considerable competition from Coles and the discount retailer Aldi in the retail market of Australia. The intensification of the rivalry has required Woolworths for closing down around 17 outlets spread along the region. The existence of faulty strategic planning initiatives has increased the level of threat for the domestic retailers from the large scale expansion activities of foreign retailers in the region (Rozkwitalska, 2012). The increased threat of entry of foreign players has required the traditional retailers to shut down their brick-and-mortar outlets and develop an online platform for helping in reaching a larger section of consumers (Jenner, 2011). Application of the McKinseys 7S Framework on Woolworths Woolworths focuses on generation of products at low price points to counter its rivals while also has developed an effective online presence for reaching its products to a large range of customers. Moreover, it focuses to operate based on a lean and customer oriented retail strategy (Bhatia Kaur, 2014). Woolworths operates on a simpler structure that conducts its business through establishment of large number of retail outlets across different petrol stations. Further, Woolworths also operates through a section of specialized employees that provide needed support to franchised retail outlets operating in different parts of international markets like South Africa (Kerzner, 2013). Woolworths, in recent times has focused on the incorporation of different types of technological systems like Point-of-Sales (POS) and other inventory management and ERP based systems that contribute in effective management and flow of stocks across the distribution and retail outlets (Ongori Nzonzo, 2011). Woolworths focuses on generating the right quality and style of the food and non-food products. It also focuses on generating effective value to the customers. Woolworths generates increased importance in providing quality services to customers (Podsiadlowski et al., 2013). The retail institution also focuses on fostering creativity and innovation relating to the different types of retail services offered by it. It also aims in meeting the objectives of sustainability and promoting energy efficiency along its retail and distribution centres (Cameron Green, 2012). Woolworths generates continual training to promote skill development of its staffs involved both in retail operations and official duties. The management style of Woolworths is evaluated to be autocratic and authoritarian in nature. It thus reduces the collaboration of middle and junior level managers in taking business decisions (Kapur, 2014). Woolworths operates on a total of 19,000 staffs that are effectively allocated along the different retail stores, distribution centres and offices. The staffs provide needed services in sourcing quality products at affordable prices and also in servicing the emerging needs of customers (Jenner, 2011). Application of the SWOT and TOWS Matrix SWOT Strength Woolworths operates as a market leader in the grocery and food retail industry of Australia. It effectively conducts its retail business through synchronizing human and technological resources along with quality food and grocery products. Weakness Woolworths suffers owing to restricted or limited expansion to both regional and international markets. Opportunities The development of its omnichannel platform with also growing consumer demand related to online purchases of food and grocery products provides increased opportunities for Woolworths to develop its retail presence in the region. Threats Woolworths gains significant threat from its nearest competitor Coles operating in the Australian retail market. Moreover, the business of Woolworths also is increasingly governed by government interventions and regulatory paradigms. Global Risks Confronting Woolworths The different types of risks confronting Woolworths are outlined as follows. -Reduction in the pace of market growth -Emergence of discount retailers in Australia -Reduction in the level of staff morale related to the stores and distribution centres. Risk Assessment Matrix Reduction in Pace of Market Growth Rare Unlikely Possible Likely Almost Certain Severe Low Low High Extreme Extreme Major Low Low High Extreme Extreme Moderate Low Low Medium High High Minor Low Low Low Low Low Minimal Low Low Low Low Low Emergence of Discount Retailers Rare Unlikely Possible Likely Almost Certain Severe Low Low High Extreme Extreme Major Low Low High Extreme Extreme Moderate Low Low Medium High High Minor Low Low Low Low Low Minimal Low Low Low Low Low Reduction in level of Staff Morale Rare Unlikely Possible Likely Almost Certain Severe Low Low Medium High High Major Low Low Medium High High Moderate Low Low Medium Medium High Minor Low Low Low Low Low Minimal Low Low Low Low Low Business Model Canvas of Woolworths Woolworths focuses on gaining revenue both from purchases made by customers and also through charges levied on suppliers. Further, supermarkets like Woolworths also focus on gaining on in cash margins based on selling large merchandise volumes (Olsen Martins, 2012). It also focuses on generating effective customer services based on its operation conducted through retail, back office and distribution outlets (Kircher Jain, 2013). References Bhatia, A., Kaur, L. (2014). Global Training Development trends Practices: An Overview. International Journal of Emerging Research in Management Technology , 3 (8), 75-78. Bryson, J. M. (2011). Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofit Organizations: A Guide to Strengthening and Sustaining Organizational Achievement. United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2012). Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models Tools and Techniques of Organizational Change. United States: Kogan Page Publishers. Collier, M. (2013). eBay Business All-in-One For Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Garland, R. (2009). Project Governance: A Practical Guide to Effective Project Decision Making. United States: Kogan Page Publishers. Gopalkrishnan, J. G. (2014). eBay: The worlds largest online marketplace- A Case Study. Conference on Global Competition Competitiveness of Indian Corporate. Jenner, S. (2011). Management of portfolios. United States: The Stationery Office. Kapur, V. (2014). The 21st Century CIO -- Leading IT Transformation in a Quantum Change Environment. Cognizants Business Consulting group. Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project Management Metrics, KPIs, and Dashboards: A Guide to Measuring and Monitoring Project Performance. United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons. Kircher, M., Jain, P. (2013). Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Patterns for Resource Management. United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons'. Leslie, B. ( 2009). Excellence in Advertising. Routledge. Niininen, O. (2012). Marketing Principles. Cengage Learning. Olsen, J. E., Martins, L. L. (2012). Understanding organizational diversity management programs: A theoretical framework and directions for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 33 (8), 1168-1187. Ongori, H., Nzonzo, J. C. (2011). TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN AN ORGANISATION: AN INTERVENTION TO ENHANCE ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS. International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences , 2 (4), 187-198. Podsiadlowski, A., Grschke, D., Kogler, M. (2013). Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 37, 159-175. Rozkwitalska, M. (2012). Accepted and strong organisational culture in multinational corporations . Journal of Intercultural Management , 4 (3), 5-14.

Surving Greenscape at Hard Time free essay sample

Robbins, S. , Organizational Behavior 2. Buchanan, D amp; Huczynski, A. , Organizational Behaviour 3. Mullins, L. , Management and Organisational Behaviour| Week 6| Feedback sessionFeedback on LO2| | Week 7| Motivation, what is motivation, motivational theories, critical assessment of motivational theories, reward and punishment| Books, Lecture Slides/Notes, Case Studies, Assignment-related resources| Week 8| Understanding Groups, what are groups, formation of groups, formal and informal groups | 1. Robbins, S. , Organizational Behavior 2. Buchanan, D amp; Huczynski, A. Organizational Behaviour 3. Mullins, L. , Management and Organisational Behaviour| Week 9| Team Development, types of teams, developing teams, why teams are not groups| 1. Robbins, S. , Organizational Behavior 2. Buchanan, D amp; Huczynski, A. , Organizational Behaviour 3. Mullins, L. , Management and Organisational Behaviour| Week 10| Feedback sessionFeedback on LO3amp;4| | Learning outcomes Outcomes| Assessment requirements| LO1 Understand the relationshipbetween organisational structure and culture| 1. 1 compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture1. explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business1. We will write a custom essay sample on Surving Greenscape at Hard Time or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3 discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work| LO2 Understand differentapproaches to management and leadership| 2. 1 compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations2. 2 explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management2. 3 evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations| LO3 Understand ways of usingmotivational theories in organisations| 3. discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organisations in periods of change3. 2 compare the application of different motivational theories within the workplace3. 3 evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers| LO4 Understand mechanisms fordeveloping effective teamwork in organisations| 4. 1 explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations4. 2 discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organisations4. 3 evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a given organisation. Indicative resource materials Textbooks Buchanan, D amp; Huczynski, A. , Organizational Behaviour Mullins, L. , Management and Organisational Behaviour Brooks, I. , Organisational Behaviour, Individuals, Groups and Organisation Bloisi, W. , Cook, C. , and Hunsaker, P. , Management and Organisational Behaviour Journals Academy of Management Journal (Academy of Management) British Journal of Management (John Wiley and Sons) California Management Review (University of California, Berkeley) European Management Journal (Elsevier) Harvard Business Review (Harvard Business Publishing) Journal of General Management (Braybrooke Press Ltd) Journal of Management Studies (John Wiley and Sons) Management Today (Haymarket Business Media) MIT Sloan Management Review (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Websites www. businessballs. com HR and Organisational Behaviour articles and links www. changingminds. org Useful articles on strategic change by leading theorists www. mindtools. com www. 12manage. com www. cipd. co. uk www. incomesdata. co. uk